// Writes the format java.beans.XMLDecoder reads — the counterpart of
// javabeans.ts. The input says what Java should do, explicitly typed: which
// class to construct with which arguments, which setters, getters and methods
// to call. An object reached twice (the same JS object) is written once with
// an id and referenced after (idref), as XMLEncoder does.
//
// Unlike XMLEncoder this writer does not leave out what equals a
// constructor's default: it writes what it is given. Checked by Java itself
// (tools/java-oracle BeansDump reads what this writes; javaBeansWriter.test.ts).

export type BeanPrimitive =
  | { readonly kind: 'int' | 'short' | 'byte'; readonly value: number }
  | { readonly kind: 'long'; readonly value: number | bigint }
  | { readonly kind: 'float' | 'double'; readonly value: number }
  | { readonly kind: 'char'; readonly value: string };

export type BeanValue =
  | null
  | string
  | boolean
  | BeanPrimitive
  | BeanObject
  | BeanArray
  | { readonly kind: 'class'; readonly name: string }
  | BeanReference;

/**
 * An object only Java makes — a getter's result, such as the port a network
 * interface's constructor creates — named where the getter is called
 * (`<void id="Port0" property="port"/>`) and referenced after.
 */
export interface BeanReference {
  readonly kind: 'reference';
  readonly name: string;
}

export function reference(name: string): BeanReference {
  return { kind: 'reference', name };
}

export interface BeanObject {
  readonly kind: 'object';
  readonly className: string;
  /** Constructor arguments. */
  readonly args?: readonly BeanValue[];
  /** `C.F`: a static field instead of a new object. */
  readonly staticField?: string;
  readonly statements?: readonly BeanStatement[];
}

export interface BeanArray {
  readonly kind: 'array';
  readonly componentClass: string;
  readonly items: readonly BeanValue[];
}

export type BeanStatement =
  /** target.setP(value) */
  | { readonly set: string; readonly value: BeanValue }
  /** target.getP(), then the statements on its result; `as` names the result */
  | { readonly get: string; readonly statements: readonly BeanStatement[]; readonly as?: BeanReference }
  /** target.m(args), then the statements on its result */
  | { readonly call: string; readonly args: readonly BeanValue[]; readonly statements?: readonly BeanStatement[] }
  /** target.set(index, value) on a list */
  | { readonly setIndex: number; readonly value: BeanValue }
  /** target.get(index), then the statements on its result; `as` names the result */
  | { readonly getIndex: number; readonly statements: readonly BeanStatement[]; readonly as?: BeanReference };

export const int = (value: number): BeanPrimitive => ({ kind: 'int', value });
export const short = (value: number): BeanPrimitive => ({ kind: 'short', value });
export const long = (value: number | bigint): BeanPrimitive => ({ kind: 'long', value });
export const double = (value: number): BeanPrimitive => ({ kind: 'double', value });
export const float = (value: number): BeanPrimitive => ({ kind: 'float', value });

export function object(className: string, statements: readonly BeanStatement[] = [], args: readonly BeanValue[] = []): BeanObject {
  return { kind: 'object', className, args, statements };
}

/** An XMLDecoder document: the values in order, as `new XMLDecoder(in).readObject()` returns them. */
export function encodeJavaBeans(values: readonly BeanValue[]): string {
  const writer = new Writer(sharedObjects(values));
  const lines = ['<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>', '<java version="17" class="java.beans.XMLDecoder">'];
  for (const value of values) writer.value(value, 1, lines);
  lines.push('</java>', '');
  return lines.join('\n');
}

class Writer {
  private readonly ids = new Map<BeanObject | BeanArray | BeanReference, string>();
  private readonly counters = new Map<string, number>();
  /** Objects written more than once need an id; found before writing. */
  constructor(private readonly shared: ReadonlySet<BeanObject | BeanArray>) {}

  value(value: BeanValue, depth: number, lines: string[]): void {
    const indent = ' '.repeat(depth);
    if (value === null) {
      lines.push(`${indent}<null/>`);
    } else if (typeof value === 'string') {
      lines.push(`${indent}<string>${stringContent(value)}</string>`);
    } else if (typeof value === 'boolean') {
      lines.push(`${indent}<boolean>${value}</boolean>`);
    } else {
      switch (value.kind) {
        case 'int':
        case 'short':
        case 'byte':
          lines.push(`${indent}<${value.kind}>${integerText(value.value)}</${value.kind}>`);
          break;
        case 'long':
          lines.push(`${indent}<long>${typeof value.value === 'bigint' ? value.value : integerText(value.value)}</long>`);
          break;
        case 'float':
        case 'double':
          lines.push(`${indent}<${value.kind}>${floatingText(value.value)}</${value.kind}>`);
          break;
        case 'char':
          lines.push(`${indent}${charElement(value.value)}`);
          break;
        case 'class':
          lines.push(`${indent}<class>${escapeText(value.name)}</class>`);
          break;
        case 'array':
          this.array(value, depth, lines);
          break;
        case 'object':
          this.object(value, depth, lines);
          break;
        case 'reference': {
          const id = this.ids.get(value);
          if (id === undefined) throw new Error(`reference '${value.name}' used before the getter that names it`);
          lines.push(`${indent}<object idref="${id}"/>`);
          break;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  private object(value: BeanObject, depth: number, lines: string[]): void {
    const indent = ' '.repeat(depth);
    const existing = this.ids.get(value);
    if (existing !== undefined) {
      lines.push(`${indent}<object idref="${existing}"/>`);
      return;
    }
    const id = this.idFor(value, simpleName(value.className));
    const idAttribute = id === undefined ? '' : ` id="${id}"`;
    if (value.staticField !== undefined) {
      lines.push(`${indent}<object class="${escapeAttribute(value.className)}"${idAttribute} field="${escapeAttribute(value.staticField)}"/>`);
      return;
    }
    const args = value.args ?? [];
    const statements = value.statements ?? [];
    if (args.length === 0 && statements.length === 0) {
      lines.push(`${indent}<object class="${escapeAttribute(value.className)}"${idAttribute}/>`);
      return;
    }
    lines.push(`${indent}<object class="${escapeAttribute(value.className)}"${idAttribute}>`);
    for (const arg of args) this.value(arg, depth + 1, lines);
    for (const statement of statements) this.statement(statement, depth + 1, lines);
    lines.push(`${indent}</object>`);
  }

  private array(value: BeanArray, depth: number, lines: string[]): void {
    const indent = ' '.repeat(depth);
    const existing = this.ids.get(value);
    if (existing !== undefined) {
      lines.push(`${indent}<object idref="${existing}"/>`);
      return;
    }
    const id = this.idFor(value, `${simpleName(value.componentClass)}Array`);
    const idAttribute = id === undefined ? '' : ` id="${id}"`;
    const head = `${indent}<array class="${escapeAttribute(value.componentClass)}"${idAttribute} length="${value.items.length}"`;
    if (value.items.length === 0) {
      lines.push(`${head}/>`);
      return;
    }
    lines.push(`${head}>`);
    for (const [index, item] of value.items.entries()) {
      lines.push(`${indent} <void index="${index}">`);
      this.value(item, depth + 2, lines);
      lines.push(`${indent} </void>`);
    }
    lines.push(`${indent}</array>`);
  }

  private statement(statement: BeanStatement, depth: number, lines: string[]): void {
    const indent = ' '.repeat(depth);
    const nested = (open: string, body: () => void) => {
      lines.push(`${indent}${open}>`);
      body();
      lines.push(`${indent}</void>`);
    };
    if ('set' in statement) {
      nested(`<void property="${escapeAttribute(statement.set)}"`, () => this.value(statement.value, depth + 1, lines));
    } else if ('get' in statement) {
      this.getter(`property="${escapeAttribute(statement.get)}"`, statement.statements, statement.as, depth, lines);
    } else if ('call' in statement) {
      const inner = statement.statements ?? [];
      if (statement.args.length === 0 && inner.length === 0) {
        lines.push(`${indent}<void method="${escapeAttribute(statement.call)}"/>`);
        return;
      }
      nested(`<void method="${escapeAttribute(statement.call)}"`, () => {
        for (const arg of statement.args) this.value(arg, depth + 1, lines);
        for (const each of inner) this.statement(each, depth + 1, lines);
      });
    } else if ('setIndex' in statement) {
      nested(`<void index="${statement.setIndex}"`, () => this.value(statement.value, depth + 1, lines));
    } else {
      this.getter(`index="${statement.getIndex}"`, statement.statements, statement.as, depth, lines);
    }
  }

  /** A getter's call: left out when nothing happens to its result and nothing names it. */
  private getter(
    attribute: string,
    statements: readonly BeanStatement[],
    name: BeanReference | undefined,
    depth: number,
    lines: string[],
  ): void {
    const indent = ' '.repeat(depth);
    if (statements.length === 0 && name === undefined) return;
    let idAttribute = '';
    if (name !== undefined) {
      if (this.ids.has(name)) throw new Error(`reference '${name.name}' named twice`);
      const count = this.counters.get(name.name) ?? 0;
      this.counters.set(name.name, count + 1);
      const id = `${name.name}${count}`;
      this.ids.set(name, id);
      idAttribute = ` id="${id}"`;
    }
    if (statements.length === 0) {
      lines.push(`${indent}<void${idAttribute} ${attribute}/>`);
      return;
    }
    lines.push(`${indent}<void${idAttribute} ${attribute}>`);
    for (const inner of statements) this.statement(inner, depth + 1, lines);
    lines.push(`${indent}</void>`);
  }

  private idFor(value: BeanObject | BeanArray, name: string): string | undefined {
    if (!this.shared.has(value)) return undefined;
    const count = this.counters.get(name) ?? 0;
    this.counters.set(name, count + 1);
    const id = `${name}${count}`;
    this.ids.set(value, id);
    return id;
  }
}

/** The objects and arrays the values reach more than once. */
function sharedObjects(roots: readonly BeanValue[]): Set<BeanObject | BeanArray> {
  const seen = new Set<BeanObject | BeanArray>();
  const shared = new Set<BeanObject | BeanArray>();
  const visitStatement = (statement: BeanStatement): void => {
    if ('set' in statement || 'setIndex' in statement) visit(statement.value);
    else if ('call' in statement) {
      statement.args.forEach(visit);
      (statement.statements ?? []).forEach(visitStatement);
    }
    else statement.statements.forEach(visitStatement);
  };
  const visit = (value: BeanValue): void => {
    if (value === null || typeof value !== 'object' || (value.kind !== 'object' && value.kind !== 'array')) return;
    if (seen.has(value)) {
      shared.add(value);
      return;
    }
    seen.add(value);
    if (value.kind === 'array') {
      value.items.forEach(visit);
    } else {
      (value.args ?? []).forEach(visit);
      (value.statements ?? []).forEach(visitStatement);
    }
  };
  roots.forEach(visit);
  return shared;
}

function simpleName(className: string): string {
  return className.slice(className.lastIndexOf('.') + 1).replace(/\$/g, '_');
}

function integerText(value: number): string {
  if (!Number.isInteger(value)) throw new RangeError(`not an integer: ${value}`);
  return String(value);
}

/** Text Double.valueOf reads back to the same value. */
function floatingText(value: number): string {
  if (Object.is(value, -0)) return '-0.0';
  if (Number.isNaN(value)) return 'NaN';
  if (value === Infinity) return 'Infinity';
  if (value === -Infinity) return '-Infinity';
  return String(value);
}

/**
 * A string's content: what XML 1.0 cannot hold, and a CR (which XML would
 * read as a line break), as `<char code="#…"/>`, the rest escaped.
 */
function stringContent(value: string): string {
  let out = '';
  for (let index = 0; index < value.length; index++) {
    const unit = value.charCodeAt(index);
    if (unit >= 0xd800 && unit <= 0xdbff && index + 1 < value.length) {
      const next = value.charCodeAt(index + 1);
      if (next >= 0xdc00 && next <= 0xdfff) {
        out += value[index]! + value[index + 1]!;
        index += 1;
        continue;
      }
    }
    out += needsCharElement(unit) ? charCode(unit) : escapeText(value[index]!);
  }
  return out;
}

function charElement(value: string): string {
  const unit = value.charCodeAt(0);
  if (value.length !== 1) throw new RangeError('a char is one UTF-16 unit');
  return needsCharElement(unit) ? `<char code="#${unit.toString(16).toUpperCase()}"/>` : `<char>${escapeText(value)}</char>`;
}

function needsCharElement(unit: number): boolean {
  return (unit < 0x20 && unit !== 0x09 && unit !== 0x0a) || (unit >= 0xd800 && unit <= 0xdfff) || unit === 0xfffe || unit === 0xffff;
}

function charCode(unit: number): string {
  return `<char code="#${unit.toString(16).toUpperCase()}"/>`;
}

function escapeText(text: string): string {
  return text.replace(/&/g, '&amp;').replace(/</g, '&lt;').replace(/>/g, '&gt;');
}

function escapeAttribute(text: string): string {
  return escapeText(text).replace(/"/g, '&quot;');
}